Why is it important to prepare for an earthquake?
Earthquakes are unpredictable natural phenomena that can occur at any time. Unlike other weather events, there is no advance warning, so preparation is your best tool to protect your life and your family's. In South America, countries like Chile, Peru, and Ecuador have high seismic activity, making it essential to have an emergency plan.
Step 1: Know your seismic risk zone
Before preparing, research whether you live in a region with high seismic activity. Check risk maps from your country's geological service or apps like Contingencias, which offer real-time alerts. Identify nearby geological faults and the most vulnerable areas in your city.
Step 2: Create a family emergency plan
A clear plan reduces panic during an earthquake. Gather your family and define:
- Meeting points: One inside the house (next to a column) and another outside (a nearby park or square).
- Evacuation routes: Identify the safest exits from your home, workplace, and school.
- Specific roles: Assign tasks such as shutting off the gas, grabbing the emergency kit, or helping elderly individuals.
- Emergency contact: Choose a relative outside the city as a communication point.
Step 3: Assemble an earthquake emergency kit
Your kit should be easy to carry and contain essentials for at least 72 hours. Include:
- Drinking water: 3 liters per person per day.
- Non-perishable food: Canned goods, energy bars, and dehydrated food.
- Flashlight and extra batteries: Avoid candles due to fire risk.
- First aid kit: Bandages, antiseptics, prescription medications, and pain relievers.
- Portable radio: To receive instructions if the power goes out.
- Important documents: Copies of IDs, deeds, and insurance policies in a waterproof bag.
- Basic tools: A wrench to shut off gas and water, and a whistle to signal your location.
Step 4: Secure your home against earthquakes
Loose objects can cause serious injuries. Make these improvements:
- Secure tall furniture: Shelves, cabinets, and bookcases to the wall with metal brackets.
- Anchor appliances: Refrigerator, washing machine, and water heater with straps.
- Install cabinet latches: Prevent dishes and glass from falling when doors open.
- Identify safe spots: Under sturdy tables, next to columns, or door frames (if concrete).
- Check gas and water lines: Ensure you know how to shut off the main valves.
Step 5: Practice earthquake drills regularly
Repetition creates automatic reflexes. Conduct drills at least every three months with your family or coworkers. Follow the "drop, cover, and hold on" protocol. During the exercise, verify that everyone knows the routes and meeting point.
What to do during an earthquake?
Stay calm and act according to your location:
- If you are inside a building: Drop, cover your head with your arms, and hold on to a sturdy table or desk. Stay away from windows, mirrors, and objects that could fall.
- If you are outside: Move away from buildings, power poles, and trees. Find an open space and sit on the ground.
- If you are driving: Stop the vehicle in a safe place, away from bridges, tunnels, and poles. Stay inside the car until the shaking stops.
What to do after an earthquake?
Once the shaking stops, assess secondary risks:
- Check for injuries: Administer basic first aid if needed.
- Shut off gas and water supply: If you suspect leaks, do not use matches or electrical switches.
- Listen to the radio or your alert app: Follow instructions from local authorities.
- Avoid using the phone: Lines may be congested; use text messages or social media.
- Prepare for aftershocks: Stay alert, as they can occur minutes or days later.
Additional tips for communities and businesses
If you are part of a community or manage a business, extend your preparation:
- Organize neighborhood workshops: Train your neighbors in first aid and fire extinguisher use.
- Identify temporary shelters: Nearby schools, churches, or community centers.
- Implement an early warning system: Apps like Contingencias send automatic notifications based on seismic data.
Conclusion: Preparation saves lives
You cannot prevent an earthquake, but you can minimize its consequences. From creating an emergency kit to securing your furniture, every step counts. Download Contingencias to receive real-time seismic alerts and stay informed. Remember: prevention is everyone's responsibility.