Are You Prepared for an Earthquake?
Earthquakes are unpredictable natural events that can strike at any time, especially in seismically active regions of South America such as Chile, Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia. Knowing what to do during and after an earthquake can mean the difference between safety and danger. In this practical guide, we explain step by step how to act before, during, and after a quake to protect your life and your family.
Before the Earthquake: Key Preparation
Preparation is essential to minimize risks. Here are some preventive actions:
- Identify safe zones: Look for areas away from windows, mirrors, tall furniture, and objects that could fall. Interior doorframes and structural columns are often safe options.
- Prepare an emergency kit: Include drinking water (at least 3 liters per person per day), non-perishable food, a flashlight, batteries, a first aid kit, a whistle, important documents in a waterproof bag, and a portable radio.
- Secure furniture and appliances: Anchor bookshelves, cabinets, televisions, and heaters to the wall to prevent them from falling during the quake.
- Plan evacuation routes: Define meeting points with your family both inside and outside the home. Practice drills regularly.
During the Earthquake: Stay Calm and Act Quickly
When you feel the shaking, follow these recommendations based on your location:
If You Are Inside a Building
- Drop, cover, and hold on: This is the golden rule. Drop under a sturdy table or desk, cover your head and neck with your arms, and hold on firmly until the shaking stops.
- Stay away from windows and objects that could fall: Avoid glass, mirrors, lamps, and tall furniture.
- Do not use elevators: They could get stuck or fall. Use stairs only if necessary and after the quake has ended.
- Turn off fire sources: If safe, shut off gas valves and turn off stoves to prevent fires.
If You Are Outside
- Move away from buildings, poles, and power lines: Head to an open space, away from structures that could collapse.
- Protect your head: Use your arms or an object like a backpack or folder to cover yourself.
- Do not take shelter under bridges or overpasses: These structures can be dangerous during a quake.
If You Are in a Vehicle
- Stop in a safe place: Away from bridges, tunnels, poles, and buildings. Stay inside the car with your seatbelt on.
- Listen to instructions: Tune in to the radio or use alert apps like Contingencias to receive official information.
After the Earthquake: Assess, Communicate, and Act
Once the shaking has stopped, follow these steps to ensure your safety and that of others:
Check Your Surroundings
- Check for injuries: Provide basic first aid if necessary and call emergency services (like 911 or 131 in several countries) only if the situation requires it.
- Inspect for structural damage: Look for cracks in walls, ceilings, or floors. If the building seems unstable, evacuate immediately to an open area.
- Turn off gas and water valves: If you smell gas, do not light matches or flip electrical switches. Ventilate the area and shut off the main valve.
Communicate Responsibly
- Use text messages or social media: Calls can overload lines. Prioritize brief communication to avoid blocking emergency networks.
- Listen to official sources: Follow instructions from local authorities and apps like Contingencias to avoid rumors or false information.
Prepare for Aftershocks
After a major earthquake, aftershocks are common. Stay calm and repeat safety actions. Do not return to damaged buildings until they have been inspected by professionals.
Additional Earthquake Safety Tips
- Keep your mobile devices charged: An external battery can be vital for maintaining communication.
- Download earthquake alert apps: Tools like Contingencias provide real-time alerts about quakes and other natural hazards in your area.
- Educate your family: Teach children and older adults basic protection measures. Regular practice saves lives.
Conclusion: Prevention Is Your Best Ally
Knowing what to do during and after an earthquake not only reduces panic but also increases your chances of coming out unharmed. Preparation, calm, and information are your most powerful tools against these natural events. Remember that in South America, countries like Chile and Peru have high seismic activity, so being prepared is not an option but a necessity. Download Contingencias to receive early alerts and stay informed at all times.